5th International Conference of the Research Network
"Private Urban Governance & Gated Communities"

March 30 to April 4 2009, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile

Homepage: http://gated-communities.uchilefau.cl

Cities around the globe witness the development of new institutional settings which organise urban spaces - especially on a sub-communal scale. These new settings involve public and private organisations, different forms of community organisations as well as organisations which cut across the public/private dichotomy. Thus, in existing neighbourhoods become established institutions like horizontal homeowner associations or business improvement districts. Newly urbanised areas are organised as private and often gated residential communities, as shopping centres or as business centres with one management entity. The 5th conference of the research network on "private urban governance" will offer a highly international forum for the interdisciplinary discussion on the causes and consequences for the rise of these new forms of urban governance. The research network has been established in 1999 and is an open network of currently more than 100 researchers (urban geography, planning, architecture, regional economy, law, political science, sociology, anthropology etc.) from around the world.

1. The Chile conference is scheduled April 1-3 2009, with a field trip the day before (March 31). Details will be published soon.
2. End of June 08: Publication of accepted Panels and Call for Papers (call will be published at www.gated-communities.de and the local homepage of the Santiago conference as well as in newsletters and journals)
3. End of September 08: Deadline for submission of abstracts to panel organizers and to local organiser Viviana Fernandez


Local Organization

Viviana Fernandez Prajoux, University of Chile (urban planner)


Scientific Committee

Sarah Blandy, University of Leeds (lawyer)
Eric Charmes, University of Paris VIII (urban planner)
Klaus Frantz, University of Innsbruck (geographer)
Georg Glasze, University of Mainz (geographer)
Jenny Dixon, University of Auckland (urban planner)
Renaud le Goix, University of Paris I (geographer)
Karina Landman, CSIR Pretoria (planner and architect)
Setha Low, City University New York (anthropologist and psychologist)
Evan McKenzie, University of Illinois in Chicago (political scientist and lawyer)
Elisabeth, Peyroux, CIRUS-CIEU CNRS Toulouse (geographer)
Chris Webster, Cardiff University (urban planner and economist)


Abstracts (get the whole Book of Abstracts here)

Panel 1 - Private Urban Governance, Social Vulnerability and Exclusion in Transforming Societies (pages 1-14)

The panel focuses on the relationship between new forms of urban governance and the questions of social
vulnerability, segregation and exclusion in the structural contexts of rapidly transforming societies.


Actors and Interests in the Debate on Insecurity and Neighbourhood Enclosures in Lima (Peru)

Rainer Wehrhahn
wehrhahn@geographie.uni‐kiel.de
Geographisches Institut Universität Kiel, Germany

Dominik Haubrich
haubrich@geographie.uni‐kiel.de
Geographisches Institut Universität Kiel, Germany


Human Settlements on the Hillsides of the City of La Paz Resulting from Processes of Exclusion
and Governance

Zacarias Luis Alberto Salamanca Mazuelo
luisalberto441985@yahoo.com
NCCR‐ITS, Bolivia


Development Discourse and Public Space: Some Questions about the Social and Environmental
Phenomena in the Local Space in the City

Enrique Aliste Almuna
ealiste@uchile.cl
Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad de Chile, Chile


In and Out of Istanbul: Politics of Inclusion and Exclusion in a Gated Town and a Public Housing
Project

Ayfer Bartu Candan
ayfer.bartu@boun.edu.tr
Bogazici University, Turkey

Biray Kolluoglu
biray@boun.edu.tr
Bogazici University, Turkey


Residential Security in Bogotá: Guarantee of Sociability or Habitability?

César Alfonso Velásquez Monroy
cesarv9578@gmail.com


Formal & Informal Organisational Forms in a Gated City

Yurdanur Dülgeroğlu‐Yüksel
yukselyu@itu.edu.tr
Istanbul Technical University, Turkey


Categorization Struggles in the Production of Urban Frontiers

Eleonora Elguezabal
eleonora.elguezabal@ens.fr
Centre Maurice Halbwachs (CNRS, EHESS, ENS, UCBN), France


Migration and Residential Segregation in Santiago de Chile: Trends, Relations and Implications
for Policy on Social Integration

Dirk Heinrichs
dirk.heinrichs@ufz.de
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Germany

Juliane Welz
juliane.welz@ufz.de
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Germany

Jorge Rodriguez
jorge.rodriguez@cepal.org
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Chile


Informal Settlements (Slums) and Gated Communities – Symmetric Developments in Highdensity
Asian Cities

Jieming Zhu
jmzhu@hotmail.com
National University of Singapore, Singapore


Informalisation of governance: the Case of Greater Gauteng

Ulrich Jürgens
juergens@geographie.uni‐siegen.de
University of Siegen, Germany


The Residencial Nexos and Preservation of the ‘Tourism Apace: a Case Study of Ocho Rios,
Jamaica

Sheere Brooks
s.brooks@lse.ac.uk
London School of Economics & Political Science, United Kingdom


Self‐organised Urban Villages and its Implications for Urban Governance in China

Shenjing He
heshenj@mail.sysu.edu.cn
Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China


New Modes and Actors and their Role in Shaping Segregation Patterns in Eastern European
Cities

Christian Smigiel
c_smigiel@ifl‐leipzig.de
Leibniz Institute for Regional Geography, Germany


The Changing "Public "Space in China's Gated Communities: a Case Study in Shenzhen

Zhu Chen
cz2006@hkusua.hku.hk
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong


Television, Images of the City and the Reinforcement of the Divide Between the ‘Poor’ and the
‘Rest of Society’ in Chile

Víctor Martínez
vimartin@vtr.net
Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Departamento de Psicología Universidad de Chile, Chile

Ximena Galleguillos
ximenagalleguillos@onlinehome.de
CAU KIel, Habiterra Consulting, Chile

María Dolores Souza
Head Research Department, National Television Council Chile


Urban and Social Space: a Reflection about the City and the Youth

Sandra Escarria
sandrae@libero.it
Università degli studi IUAV of Venice, Italy

 

Panel 2 - A Trans/Inter‐disciplinary Approaches to Understanding and Exploring Private Urban Spaces and Governance in Cities (pages 15-26)

The panel aims at bringing the discussion on private urban space and governance (including gated communities) into a trans‐ and inter‐disciplinary focus on methodological approaches by highlighting the need for:

‐ Some form of flexibility regarding disciplinary approaches, yet within a valid and rigorous methodology.
‐ Suitable research frameworks to investigate the interconnections and relations across disciplinary boundaries.
‐ Appropriate theoretical perspectives to guide inter‐ and transdiciplinary research.
‐ An emphasis on the need to get a balance between empirical information and theoretical approaches to “create knowledge”.
‐ Identification of key issues to consider when designing and carrying out inter‐ and transdiciplinary research in this field.


The Disappearing Public Space ‐ Privatisation and Surveillance as Threats to the Public Sphere

Jacob Johanssen
jacob.johanssen@sbg.ac.at


The Urban Form of Inner City Gated Communities: the Links with and Implications for the
Debates Surrounding Social Sustainability

Samer Bagaeen
samer.bagaeen@uclmail.net
School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, United Kingdom

Ola Uduku
o.uduku@eca.ac.uk
School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, United Kingdom


The Trilemma of Urban Governance

Zoltán Cséfalvay
csefalvayZ@cardiff.ac.uk
School of City and Regional Planning, Cardiff University, United Kingdom


Law’s Contribution to a Research Framework for Exploring Private Urban Spaces and Urban
Governance

Sarah Blandy
s.blandy@leeds.ac.uk
School of Law, University of Leeds, United Kingdom


The Assemblage approach to Private Horizontal Condominiums: a View from Two Cities in
Central Brazil

Cristina Patriota de Moura
cpatriota@unb.br
Department of Anthropology, University of Brasília, Brazil


Suburbs, Boomburbs and Exurbs: a Multilevel Approach of Contextual Effects and the Production
of Suburban Morphologies

Renaud Le Goix
rlegoix@univ‐paris1.fr
Department of Geography, University Paris 1, France


Political Remarks on Gated Communities as Club Goods

João Carlos Graça
jgraca@iseg.utl.pt
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Portugal


An Interdisciplinary Framework for the Study of Private Housing Schemes: Integrating
Anthropological, Psychological and Political Levels of Theory and Analysis

Setha Low
slow@gc.cuny.edu
The Graduate Center, City University of New York, United States of America


Assemblage, Habitus and Spatial Segmentarity

Kim Dovey
dovey@unimelb.edu.au
Melbourne School of Design, University of Melbourne, Australia


Real and/or Virtual Gates? Barriers and/or Brands

Gordon Brown
m.g.brown@tue.nl
Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands

Dave Havermans
d.w.q.havermans@tue.nl
Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands


Public Space isn´t Always on Public Ground: Divergence of the Legal Status and the Sociological
Conceptualization of Public Space

Elke Schlack
eschlack@unab.cl
Facultad de Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile

Neil Turnbull
neil_jon_turnbull@hotmail.com
Facultad de Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile


Methodological Frameworks and Interdisciplinary Research on Gated Communities

Chris Webster
webster@cardiff.ac.uk
Cardiff University, United Kingdom

Karina Landman
klandman@csir.co.za
CSIR Built Environment, New Zealand

Sonia Roitman
s.roitman@ucl.ac.uk
University College London, Bartlett School of Planning, United Kingdom


From the Privatization of the ‘Common’ to the ‘Collectivization’ of the Private: Gated
Communities as ‘a Collective Effort to Live a Private Life’

Rita Raposo
rraposo@iseg.utl.pt
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Portugal

Diogo Cotta
diogocotta@hotmail.com
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Portugal

 

Panel 3 - Production and Systemic Impacts of Suburban Residential Enclaves (pages 27- 40)

The panel aims at getting a better understanding of the production of suburban spaces by examining the inward‐focused enclave or “pod” which has become the dominant planning and design model for residential suburbs, and of which the gated community may be considered a subset, at least from a morphological perspective. In the suburbs, these enclaves paint what can be called “landscapes of privatism”. These landscapes are subject to a lot of critical analysis by the academic community. Yet, in most cases, critics focus on the role of real estate entrepreneurship or on the demands and attitudes of suburbanites. These criticisms frequently discount the contributions of the planning community and of public authorities. Indeed, the latter are key to the production of suburban spaces, be it through planning and design of road network, control on land‐use, social selection of residents, urban growth or slow‐growth policies.


Reinventing the Railroad Suburb: Negotiating the Conflict Surrounding High Density
Development in Suburban North America

Hugh Bartling
hbartlin@depaul.edu
Department of Public Policy; DePaul University, United States of America


Suburban Residential Developments: an International Model of Production?

Delphine Callen
callen@parisgeo.cnrs.fr
UMR Geographie‐cités, France


Socio Environmental Segregation and Gated Villages in Santiago de Chile

Alexis Vásquez
Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Chile, Chile

Marcela Salgado
Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Chile, Chile

Hugo Romero
hromero@uchile.cl
Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Chile, Chile


Real Estate Developers and the State: the Making of Private Cities in Santiago de Chile

Camilo Arriagada
carriagada.luco@uchile.cl
Universidad de Chile, Chile

Dirk Heinrichs
dirk.heinrichs@ufz.de
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Germany

Michael Lukas
michlukas@googlemail.com
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Germany


Residential Enclaves in the Greater Paris Region: a Product under Influence of the Local Context

Céline Loudier‐Malgouyres
celine.loudier‐malgouyres@iau‐idf.fr
Institut d’Aménagement et d’Urbanisme d’Ile‐de‐France, France

Tanguy le Goff
tanguy.le‐goff@iau‐idf.fr
Institut d’Aménagement et d’Urbanisme d’Ile‐de‐France, France


Suburban Landscapes and Privatism: Blame the Planner Not Only the Developer or the
Suburbanite

Eric Charmes
eric.charmes@univ‐paris8.fr
French Institute of Urbanism, University of Paris 8, France


Intermediate City in Global Structure; Segregation Increase: the Case of Temuco

Patricio Vargas Ormeño
patricio.vargas@uautonoma.cl
School of Architecture, Autonomous University of Chile, Chile


Gated Communities and Suburbanization in Phoenix, Las Vegas and Seattle

Elena Vesselinov
elena.vesselinov@qc.cuny.edu
Department of Sociology, Queens College, CUNY, United States of America

Renaud Le Goix
rlegoix@univ‐paris1.fr
Department of Geography, University Paris 1, France


Chronicle of a Segregation Foretold: the Nordelta Megadevelopment in the Buenos Aires
Metropolitan Area

Viviana.Riwilis
viviana.riwilis@ucs.inrs.ca
Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, INRS – Urbanisation Culture et Société, Canada

Anne‐Marie Séguin
anne‐marie.seguin@ucs.inrs.ca
Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, INRS – Urbanisation Culture et Société, Canada


Privatization of Space in Poland on the Example of Gated Communities Sprawl

Pawel Waszkiewicz
p.waszkiewicz@wpia.uw.edu.pl


The New Generation of Gate Communities in Brazil: “New Land” for Low Medium Social Class

Nirce Saffer Medevedoski
nirce.sul@terra.com.br
School of Architecture and Planning, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil

Adriana Portella
adrianaportella@yahoo.com.br
School of Architecture and Planning, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil

 

Panel 4 - Politics of Gated Community Residents (pages 41- 44)

Will the rising trend towards private urban governance have an impact on urban democratic processes? It can be argued that the increase of gated communities lead to islands of wealth segregated from the rest of society and to a growing extend distrustful of the state. On the other hand it can be claimed that living in gated communities does not have any other implications for residents’ social and political practices and attitudes than life in any other urban or suburban context would have.

Within this panel we would like to continue this debate and we are interested in papers that explore gated community residents’ political and/or social practices and/or attitudes, their levels of political participation, their relationship with local government, their opinions about local government, questions of trust in politics and/or the state at a more general level. Also related subjects concerning other political aspects of gated communities could be considered.


Private Urban Governance, New‐Build Gentrification and the Political Re‐Fashioning of the Inner City

Alan Walks
alan.walks@utoronto.ca
University of Toronto, Canada

Eerik Ilves
University of Toronto, Canada


The Politics of Separation: the Many Gates of Gentrified Communities

Mark Davidson
mark.davidson@uws.edu.au
Urban Research Centre, University of Western Sydney, Australia


Political Impacts of Enclosed Neighbourhoods: The Case of San Isidro – Buenos Aires

Katja Rohrbach
k.rohrbach@lse.ac.uk
London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom


Gated Communities: Active Local Democracies or Undemocratic Spaces?

Therese Kenna
t.kenna@uws.edu.au
School of Social Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Australia

 

Panel 5 - Gated Communities and Local Governments (pages 45- 52)

The development of gated communities (GC) in the urban landscape generates interesting (and sometimes new) dynamics among the different social actors involved in urban planning. Gated communities are an innovation in the private development market. But they are also an innovation in civil society since they are governed by homeowners and condominium associations. They might also be thought of as an innovation tool in the hands of public sector government since in many places they are forging new partnership approaches to territorial government.


Taxing Endeavor: Double Taxation or the Need for Additional Taxes – Local Governments and
Gated Communities

Neil N. Abercrombie
nabercrombie@ulct.org
Utah League of Cities and Towns, United States of America


The Everyday Dynamics between Local Governments and Gated Communities Homeowners
Associations

Sonia Roitman
s.roitman@ucl.ac.uk
Bartlett School of Planning, University College London, United Kingdom


Exploring Changes in the Skyline of the Historic Urban Landscape of Santiago, Chile: Gated
Communities (GCs) as a Physical Expression of Recent Waves of Gentrification

Jorge Inzulza Contardo
j.inzulza@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk
School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester, United Kingdom


Privately Influenced Public Space in Germany and New York City

Juliane Pegels
juliane.pegels@gmail.com
Bergischen Universität Wuppertal, Germany


Private Residential Communities and Local Government Response

John Lombard
jlombard@odu.edu
Old Dominion University, United States of America


Incentive Structure under Homeowner’s Association and the Strategies of Property Management
Company‐the Multiple Prisoners’ Dilemma Relationship

Simon, C.Y., Chen
cyuan@fcu.edu.tw
Land Management Faculty Office, Feng‐Chia University, Taiwan

Bo‐Shzu Ko
Land Management Faculty Office, Feng‐Chia University, Taiwan

 

Panel 6 - Gated Communities and the Role of Urban Design (pages 53- 64)

This panel aims to investigate the urban design dimension of the increasingly ubiquitous gated communities. It seeks to define key aspects that should be defined by public policy in order to ensure a quality public realm is produced between adjacent communities.


Borders of Urban Residential Environment and Changing Public Space Characteristics

Ahsen Ozsoy
ahsenozsoy@gmail.com
Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey


Building Walls and Gates: Exploring Various Urban Design Approaches to Secure Housing in
South Africa

Karina Landman
klandman@csir.co.za
Faculty of Architecture, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland


A typology of Enclosed and Gated Housing Complexes in France: the Real‐Fake Privatisation of
Residential Spaces

Gérald Billard
gerald.billard@univ‐rouen.fr
Université de Rouen, France

François Madoré
francois.madore@univ‐nantes.fr
Université de Nantes, France

Jacques Chevalier
Université du Maine, France

François Raulin
Université de Rouen, France

Aurélien Taburet
Université du Maine, France

Fanny Vuaillat
Université de Nantes, France


Safety perception by Residential Leasing Program in the city of Pelotas, Brazil

Mateus Coswig
mateus.coswig@gmail.com
Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil

Nirce Medvedovski
Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil


Secure Santiago – Built form, Theory, and Perceptions of a Gated Community in Santiago de
Chile

Elke Schlack
eschlack@unab.cl
Facultad de Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile

Neil Turnbull
neil_jon_turnbull@hotmail.com
Facultad de Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile


The Areas of Concentration of Gated Communities, the Developers Strategies and the Role of
Public Policy in Warsaw

Justyna Sylwestrzak
justynasylwestrzak@tlen.pl
Faculty of Architecture, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland


Brazil: the New Urban Forms and the Fortified Enclaves

Maria Floresia P. S. Silva
mfpss2005@yahoo.com.br
UFBA, Brazil


Theoretical Debate on Gated Community: Genesis, Controversies, and the Way Forward

Miao Xu
XuM1@cardiff.ac.uk
Cardiff University, United Kingdom

Zhen Yang
Cardiff University, United Kingdom


Assessing the Supply of Urban Green Spaces in Privately and Publicly Managed Cairo
Neighbourhoods

Nezar Kafafy
kafafyn@cardiff.ac.uk
Cardiff University, United Kingdom

Chris Webster
webster@cardiff.ac.uk
Cardiff University, United Kingdom


A Morphological Approach to Assess the Impact of Closed Condominiums

Sara Santos Cruz
scruz@fe.up.pt
University of Oporto, Portugal

Vitor Oliveira
University of Oporto, Portugal

P. Pinho
University of Oporto, Portugal

F. Sousa
University of Oporto, Portugal


The Myth of Secure Gated Communities in Istanbul

Gulcin Pulat Gokmen
ggokmen@itu.edu.tr
Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey

 

Panel 7 - Soft Urbanism ‐ Modes of Policing the Private City (pages 65- 72)

The panel focuses on the changing modes of social control related to the ongoing privatization of governance‐functions in the city. Besides showing disparities and similarities in different cities, the aim is especially to initiate a debate between varying theoretical perspectives on the phenomenon of how social interaction is regulated and governed in an increasingly privatized city.
The current gentrification of inner‐city neighborhoods is often promoted as a rediscovery of ‘the urban’. Urbanity sells as a life‐style, and as a way of attracting the „creative class“ (Florida 2003). Urbanity therefore has to be actively produced, safeguarded and managed. The results are mixed‐use environments covered with different layers of formal and informal social control. The term Soft Urbanism points to this remaking of the inner city as a controlled space to work, live and play for the affluent.


New Redevelopment of Inner City as New Form of Privatised City: Urbanism and Emotional
Attachment to Places on Stake

Béatrice Bochet
Beatrice.bochet@unil.ch
Université de Lausanne, Institut de Géographie, Switzerland


Neocommunitarian Realists and the Punitive City: Neighborhood Management Meets Urban
Security

Volker Eick
eickv@zedat.fu‐berlin.de
Freie Universität Berlin, Germany

Jens Sambale
jens.sambale@gmail.com
Freie Universität Berlin, Germany


‘Clean and Safe’ Passage: Business Improvement Districts, Security Modes, and Specialized
Knowledge

Randy K. Lippert
lippert@uwindsor.ca
Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminology, University of Windsor, Canada


Public Squares versus Shopping Malls? Questioning the Threshold between the Private and the
Public City

Daniela Vicherat Mattar
d.vicheratmattar@ed.ac.uk
School of History, Classics & Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom


(Urban) Form follows (urban) function – (Urban) Function follows (urban) form. The "soft"
gating of Vienna's Historic City Center

Gerhard Hatz
gerhard.hatz@univie.ac.at
Department of Geography and Regional Research, Universitaet Wien, Austria


Policing and the Public Realm: Shifting Notions of Space in the Privatised City

Rob Hunt
r.j.hunt@shu.ac.uk
Faculty of Development and Society, Sheffield Hallam University, United Kingdom

Dave Parsons
d.e.Parsons@shu.ac.uk
Faculty of Development and Society, Sheffield Hallam University, United Kingdom


Place‐making by ASBO? Regeneration, Territoriality and Worklessness in British Urban Politics

Gesa Helms
g.helms@lbss.gla.ac.uk
Department of Urban Studies, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom

 

Panel 8 - Business and Neighborhood Improvement Districts: Analyzing the Transnationalization of an Urban Governance Model (pages 73- 78)

Business and Neighborhood Improvement Districts (BIDs, NIDs) have developed as an international model for managing commercial and residential areas in both Southern and Northern cities. Whilst there is no standard definition of Improvement Districts, these organizations have been mostly defined as self‐taxing, self‐help public private partnership organizations set up by business and property owners to maintain, promote and develop public areas within a perimeter, specifically through the enhancement of public services. Their spreading has been linked to the development of an “urban entrepreneurialism” and the rise of neo‐liberal forms of governance.

This panel aims at investigating the transnationalization of the Improvement Districts model in various geographical contexts. It is based on the assumption that this model which originates from Northern America has not simply been copied and transferred but has been inscribed differently within diverse contexts: how are these models mobilized and which actors and institutions are involved in these processes? How are they adapted and legally institutionalized within different economical, political and social contexts? How are Improvement Districts legitimized or, as the case may be, criticized within discourses on urban development?

With the establishment of Improvement Districts steering powers in cities are being reshaped: new positions of power are established, property rights and decision‐making structures are redefined. The panel also aims at investigating how, and the extent to which, Improvement Districts alter stakeholders’ practices and create new patterns of authority. The consequences of Improvement Districts in terms of potential social exclusion and the redrawing of democratic processes within the context of neo‐liberal urbanization will be critically assessed in the different cities.


BIDS and their Colonial Roots: Historicizing Contemporary Neoliberal Urbanism

Faranak Miraftab
faranak@illinois.edu
University of Illinois, United States of America


Security Semi‐states and the Governance of the Punitive City: BIDs – A New Instrument for
Containment and Exclusion

Volker Eick
eickv@zedat.fu‐berlin.de
Freie Universität Berlin, Germany


Spillover of the private City. BIDs as Pivot of Social Control in Downtown Los Angeles

Nadine Marquardt
n.marquardt@em.uni‐frankfurt.de
Department of Human Geography, University of Frankfurt, Germany

Henning Füller
fueller@em.uni‐frankfurt.de
Department of Human Geography, University of Frankfurt, Germany


Business Improvement Districts and Urban Regeneration: Local Discourses and Practices of CIDs
in Johannesburg Inner City

Elisabeth Peyroux
elisabeth.peyroux@univ‐tlse2.fr
Université de Toulouse II ‐ Le Mirail, France


Policies in motion and in place: the case of Business Improvement Districts

Kevin Ward
kevin.ward@manchester.ac.uk
University of Manchester, United Kingdom

 

Panel 9 - Gated Communities in the Low Countries: A Delineation of the Concept and an Assessment of the Current Situation in the Netherlands and Belgium (pages 79- 84)

This panel aims to present the latest insights into the current Dutch and Belgian situation with regard to private and gated residential communities.


In the Netherlands as well as in Belgium the popularity of residential complexes of a private and sheltered nature is increasing. There is a fear in circles of scholars, policymakers, and urban planners that Americanstyle common interest developments and gated communities are on the rise. This fear becomes manifest in an emotionally charged and normative debate. This debate is characterized by conceptual carelessness and lacks a solid empirical basis.


Recent studies show that the Dutch and Belgian private and enclosed residential domains are different in shape, size and design from those in other countries. The same holds for the ways they are managed. Apart from these spatial, architectural and organizational differences, the social trends underlying the popularity of these domains also differ. Of course, some developments discussed in the international literature also affect the Low Countries. But these developments cannot be taken for granted. Nor can it be assumed that their effects mirror those abroad. Both countries have their own specific traditions in spatial policy, urban planning and design practice, all of which filter and channel the effects of all sorts of social developments. Finally, the Netherlands and Belgium not only differ from other countries, but also from one another. Although they might be good neighbors, in the field of spatial planning they are at most distant relatives. To discuss both similarities and differences this panel takes a contextual approach.


New Collectivity and Social Exclusion in The Netherlands

Arnold Reijndorp
reijndorp@antenna.nl
University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands


Private Ownership of Collective Space within a Public Society

Stijnie Lohof
sl@jsa‐rotterdam.nl


A Morphological Analysis of Enclosed Residential Domains in the Netherlands: Constructing a
Typology and Setting out Planning Implications

Kersten Nabielek
kersten.nabielek@pbl.nl
The Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Netherlands


The Effects of Enclosed Residential Domains on the City’s Public Realm in the Netherlands

David Hamers
david.hamers@pbl.nl
The Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Netherlands


Systematising Trans/inter‐disciplinary Gated Community Research: towards a Holistic
Understanding of the Complex Social Phenomenon ‘Gated Community’

Bart Claessens
barta.claessens@ugent.be
Flemish Policy Research Centre for Housing and Space, University College Ghent, Belgium


‘Gates’ as an Americanisation Emblem of Our Urban Landscape? Searching for the ‘Actually
Existing Gated Community’ in Flanders, the Case of Antwerp

Bart Claessens
barta.claessens@ugent.be
Flemish Policy Research Centre for Housing and Space, University College Ghent, Belgium

 

Panel 10 - Unlocking Affordable Housing Complexes in Latin America: A New Type of Gated Communities in Chile and Mexico (pages 85- 90)

In the context of a planning policy which seeks to reverse the sprawl of Latin‐American cities, middle and large‐scale affordable housing complexes are configuring living spaces which follow the standards of ‘gated communities’, being based on control as a way of enhancing security and a desirable lifestyle. These developments are becoming, by plan or by accident, the largest gated communities in the Latin‐American cities. This panel intends to reflect upon different aspects regarding affordable housing built in Chile and Mexico in the 1990s, which tend to mimic the standards of a gated community. The discussion will include: 1) The expansion of affordable complexes and the growing role of private actors; 2) The elements of the structure (architecture, physical standards and self‐ regulation mechanisms); 3) The process of place making that evolves while trying to ‘belong’ to a gated community; and 4) the material /symbolic borders built by the residents in their everyday life.

The significance of the panel lies (a) in contributing to the debate on gated communities, specifically in regard to changes in the ‘social’ conception of ‘community’ in Latin America, and (b), in giving voice to inhabitants of gated communities.


Social Housing on the Periphery of Mexico City behind Bars

Beatriz García Peralta
beatriz.gperalta googlemail.com
Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales UNAM, Mexico


Gated communities in Mexico, Mental Image and New Perception of the City

Michel Guenet
michel.guenet@umontreal.ca
Institut d'urbanisme, University of Montréal, Canada

Guadalupe Milian Avila
mmilian@hotmail.com
Facultad de Arquitectura, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Mexico


From a Fixed to a Mobile Analysis of Urban Inequality in Mixed Income Areas: the Case of La
Florida in Santiago de Chile

Paola Jirón
pjiron@uchile.cl
Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad de Chile, Chile


Building Affordable Housing Enclaves in Mexico: a Public‐private Coalition

Cristina Inclan‐Valadez
m.c.inclan‐valadez@lse.ac.uk
Department of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics, United Kingdom


Gated Villages and Control of Runoff and Natural Hazards in Santiago de Chile

Hugo Romero
hromero@uchile.cl
Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Chile, Chile

Claudio Fuentes
Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Chile, Chile

Alexis Vásquez
Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Chile, Chile


Upper Class Colonization in Popular Urban Areas

Hector Vásquez
hvasquez@minvu.cl
Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo, Chile